THE FED HIKED FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE 2023.
WARSH WON'T SAY WHAT'S NEXT.
At Jackson Hole on August 28, Kevin Warsh gave the market a test instead of a forecast. The Fed would act unless it was confident inflation was heading back to target "clearly and at sufficient speed." We wrote at the time that the curve believed him.
Nineteen days later he read out the verdict.
"We must be confident that underlying inflation is moving to our objective, clearly and at sufficient speed. Today the FOMC decided that this standard has not been satisfied."Kevin Warsh · FOMC press conference · Sept 16, 2026
The Fed raised the federal funds target by a quarter point to 3.75-4%. It is the first hike since July 2023, and the first of Warsh's chairmanship. Here is what changed, what the dot plot actually says, how the tape reacted, and what sits on the calendar between now and December.
The Decision, Next To July
| July FOMC | September FOMC | |
|---|---|---|
| Action | Hold | Hike 25bp |
| Target range | 3.50-3.75% | 3.75-4.00% |
| Vote | 9-3, three dissents for a hike | 12-0, unanimous |
| Balance sheet | Ample reserves | Ample reserves, unchanged |
The vote is the part to notice. In July, three members wanted to hike and lost. Two months later, nobody dissented in either direction. Warsh called that out himself: "The Committee's unanimous vote shows our resolve to achieve price stability on a timelier basis." A 12-0 vote tells you the doves did not fight this one, which makes the next hike easier to deliver.
Nothing changed on the balance sheet. The statement repeats that the Committee is continuing its policy of maintaining ample reserves. All of the tightening this time came through the rate.
Three Lines Worth Keeping
"The plain fact is that inflation is too high and has been for too long."Kevin Warsh · Sept 16, 2026
"Trends matter. Data points are noisy. Data point dependence is a dangerous preoccupation."Kevin Warsh · Sept 16, 2026
"This won't surprise you: I'm not in the forward guidance business."Kevin Warsh · Sept 16, 2026
Read the second and third together. The previous Fed trained a generation of traders to react to every CPI print and then wait for the chair to tell them what it meant. Warsh is saying he will not overreact to one print, and he will not tell you in advance what he plans to do. For anyone trading around macro releases, that removes a layer of hand-holding. Expect the market to do more of its own guessing, and to guess wrong more often.
The Dot Plot, Read Properly
Medians from the Summary of Economic Projections, with June's numbers underneath for comparison.
| Median | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | Longer run |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fed funds rate | 4.1% | 4.1% | 3.9% | 3.2% |
| June | 3.8% | 3.6% | 3.4% | 3.1% |
| Core PCE inflation | 3.4% | 2.5% | 2.2% | n/a |
| June | 3.3% | 2.5% | 2.1% | n/a |
| Unemployment rate | 4.1% | 4.1% | 4.1% | 4.2% |
| June | 4.3% | 4.3% | 4.2% | 4.2% |
| Real GDP growth | 2.3% | 2.4% | 2.2% | 2.0% |
| June | 2.2% | 2.3% | 2.2% | 2.0% |
- One more hike this year is the base case. A 2026 median of 4.1% points to a 4.00-4.25% range by December, a quarter point above where we are now. KPMG counts 16 of 18 participants expecting at least one more hike. Only two see none.
- No cuts in 2027. In June the committee penciled in easing next year. That is gone. The 2027 median sits at the same 4.1%.
- They got more hawkish while the economy got stronger. Growth revised up, unemployment revised down from 4.3% to 4.1%, inflation revised up. Every input pushes the same direction.
- The chair is not in it. Warsh said plainly, "as in June, I have not offered a projection of my own." So the dot plot is the committee minus its chair, published by a chair who does not believe in forward guidance. Treat it as a range of views, and give it less weight than you would have under Powell.
How The Tape Took It
The two-hour window on September 16 is a clean lesson in where the risk actually sits on Fed day.
| Time (ET) | What happened |
|---|---|
| 2:00 PM | Statement drops. S&P +0.3%, Nasdaq +0.7%, Dow flat. Treasury yields dip across the curve. The hike was expected, so the first read is relief. |
| 2:30 PM | Press conference. Warsh leans on "too high for too long" and refuses to guide. The move reverses and the Dow is down more than 700 points at the worst of it. |
| 4:00 PM | Dow 51,462 (-1.21%) · S&P 500 7,551 (-0.45%) · Nasdaq Composite 25,978 (-0.01%) · 10-year 5.02% |
The first move was wrong. Anyone who chased the 2:00 pop got run over by 2:45. Notice also where the damage landed: the Dow took the hit while the Nasdaq Composite finished flat, because a handful of mega-cap names held the tech index up. That is the concentration effect we break down in our piece on the top ten carrying 40% of the S&P.
The bigger story came after. The 10-year was 4.71% on the day of Jackson Hole. By the open on September 25 it was 5.17%, near a 19-year high, and fed funds futures priced about a 66% chance of another hike in October. That is 46 basis points on the 10-year in under a month. The Fed moved the front end by 25. The long end moved nearly twice as far on its own.
Index levels are cash-index closes, not futures settlements, and are not directly comparable to futures prices quoted elsewhere on the site.
The Calendar Into December
| Date | Event | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Wed Sep 30 | August PCE | The measure the Fed actually targets. Core PCE is the number to watch, not the headline |
| Early Oct | September jobs report | Unemployment at 4.1% is what lets them keep hiking. A crack here is the one thing that changes the path |
| Mid Oct | September CPI | Headline has been carried by energy. Watch whether core CPI starts catching up to core PCE |
| Tue-Wed Oct 27-28 | FOMC, no projections | Market is leaning toward a hike. No dot plot, so the statement and press conference carry everything |
| Tue-Wed Dec 8-9 | FOMC, with projections | The median already calls for one more hike by year end. If October passes, December is where it lands |
How We Are Handling It
- The press conference is the event. September proved it. Flat or reduced size into 2:00, and no chasing the first move. Let 2:30 tell you what the statement meant.
- Respect the long end. A 10-year above 5% is a headwind for long-duration growth stocks, which means most of NQ. If ZN keeps breaking lower, do not fight it with NQ longs off a single intraday level.
- Stop waiting for guidance that is not coming. Warsh told you he will not pre-announce. That means more volatility on data days and at press conferences, and fewer calm stretches between them. Size for that.
- Know which inflation number you are looking at. A soft CPI headline can hit the tape while core PCE stays hot, and the Fed will act on PCE.
Key Takeaways
- The Fed hiked 25bp to 3.75-4% on September 16, unanimously. First hike since July 2023. July had been a 9-3 hold.
- The dot plot median points to one more hike by December and no cuts in 2027. Warsh submitted no projection.
- The 2:00 statement rallied, the 2:30 press conference sold off. The Dow closed down 1.2%.
- The 10-year rose from 4.71% to 5.17% between Jackson Hole and September 25. October hike odds sat around 66%.
- Watch August PCE on September 30, and plan around the October 27-28 and December 8-9 meetings.
Sources
- Federal Reserve · FOMC statement, September 16, 2026
- Federal Reserve · Chair Warsh press conference transcript (preliminary), September 16, 2026
- Federal Reserve · Summary of Economic Projections, September 16, 2026
- Federal Reserve · FOMC meeting calendar
- Bureau of Labor Statistics · Consumer Price Index, August 2026
- KPMG · Diane Swonk, Warsh asserts Fed's independence (dot distribution)
- Yahoo Finance · Fed meeting live updates, September 16, 2026
- Yahoo Finance · Stock market today, September 16, 2026 (intraday sequence)
- Yahoo Finance · Stock market today, Sept. 16: closing levels
- Charles Schwab · Market update, September 25, 2026 (10-year yield, CME FedWatch odds)
- Market Maulers · Warsh Said "We Have Work To Do." The Curve Believed Him. (August 2026)
- Market Maulers · The Warsh Fed Watch (July 2026)
- Market Maulers · The 10 Largest Stocks Now Make Up Around 40% of the S&P 500 (September 2026)